Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the joints, skin, and nails. It is a type of autoimmune arthritis that can occur in people with psoriasis, a skin condition that causes red, scaly patches on the skin.
Psoriatic arthritis can affect any joint in the body, but is most commonly found in the fingers, toes, spine, and sacroiliac joints. It can also be challenging to diagnose, as it shares symptoms with other forms of arthritis. Treatment options include medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms and prevent joint damage. Early diagnosis and treatment are important for the best outcome, as untreated psoriatic arthritis can lead to long-term joint damage and disability.
The presentation of psoriatic arthritis can vary greatly from person to person. Some people may have only mild joint pain and stiffness, while others may experience more severe symptoms that affect multiple joints and other parts of the body. Some common symptoms of psoriatic arthritis include:
These symptoms can come and go, and may worsen during periods of stress or illness.
A physiotherapist can work with individuals to develop a personalized exercise program aimed at improving mobility, flexibility, and strength while minimizing pain and discomfort. In addition to exercises that target the affected joints, such as the hands, feet, and spine, a physiotherapist may also utilize modalities such as heat, ice, or electrical stimulation to reduce pain and inflammation. Education on proper posture and body mechanics can also be beneficial in reducing stress on affected joints and preventing further damage.
Occupational therapy (OT) can be an important component of a comprehensive treatment plan for individuals with psoriatic arthritis. OT focuses on helping individuals improve their ability to perform daily activities and live independently despite their condition. This may involve working with a therapist to develop strategies for managing pain and fatigue, modifying the home or work environment to reduce stress on the joints, and learning new ways to perform tasks that may be difficult or painful due to joint stiffness or limited mobility. OT may also involve the use of assistive devices such as splints, braces, or adaptive equipment to help individuals with psoriatic arthritis maintain their independence and quality of life.
NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or naproxen can help reduce inflammation and alleviate pain associated with psoriatic arthritis. These medications should be used as directed and under the supervision of a healthcare provider due to potential side effects.
DMARDs such as methotrexate or sulfasalazine can help slow or halt the progression of joint damage caused by psoriatic arthritis. These medications can take several weeks to months to start working and require regular monitoring for potential side effects.
Biologics such as TNF inhibitors or IL-17 inhibitors can help reduce inflammation and slow or halt the progression of joint damage caused by psoriatic arthritis. These medications are typically given via injection or infusion and require regular monitoring for potential side effects.
Steroid injections can help reduce inflammation and alleviate pain in specific joints affected by psoriatic arthritis. These injections should be used sparingly and under the guidance of a healthcare provider due to potential side effects.
In severe cases of psoriatic arthritis, joint replacement surgery may be necessary to alleviate pain and improve joint function. This is typically a last resort option after other treatments have been unsuccessful.
Regular low-impact exercise, such as walking, swimming, or yoga, can help improve joint flexibility, reduce inflammation, and maintain overall physical health.
Balancing activity with rest is important to avoid overexertion and further damage to the joints. It is important to listen to your body and take breaks when needed.
Applying heat to stiff joints can help to reduce pain and increase mobility, while applying cold to inflamed joints can help to reduce swelling.
A healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and omega-3 fatty acids can help to reduce inflammation and promote overall health and well-being.
Stress can trigger psoriatic arthritis symptoms, so it is important to learn stress management techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, or progressive muscle relaxation.
Getting enough sleep is crucial for managing psoriatic arthritis symptoms, as it helps reduce inflammation and promotes overall physical and mental health.
Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can worsen inflammation and increase the risk of other health problems, so it is important to avoid these habits.
Staying informed about the latest research and treatments for psoriatic arthritis can help you work more effectively with your healthcare team to manage your symptoms.
Joining a support group or talking to others with psoriatic arthritis can provide emotional support and practical advice for managing the condition.
Working closely with your healthcare team, including your doctor, rheumatologist, and physical therapist, can help you develop an effective treatment plan and manage your symptoms over time.
